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Version: 1.1

MIF Patterns

To help you detect and prevent MIF, we have developed a set of MIF patterns that identify suspicious or anomalous transactions based on various criteria, such as transaction type, amount, frequency, card origin, response code, and more. These patterns are based on industry best practices and our own data analysis.

The table below lists the reference number, outlier type, and reason code for each MIF pattern. You can use these patterns to monitor your merchants’ transactions and take appropriate actions if you detect any signs of MIF.


Reference NumberOutlier TypeReason Code
001Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of high-risk authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
002Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of captures with a card from a sanctioned country, when compared to the merchant's peer group
003High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high ratio of refunds, out of all captures (above 30%)
004Outlying total volume per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high total amount of refunds, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
005Outlying average amount per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high average amount, out of all captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
006Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of recurring, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
007Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of frequency of transactions, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
008High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high ratio of CNP transactions, out of all failed authorizations (above 70%)
009Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of CNP transactions, out of all high-risk authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
010Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of suspected fraud response codes, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
011Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as withdrawals, compared to all captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
012High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high ratio of CNP transactions, out of all high-risk authorizations (above 70%)
013Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of 3Ds-disabled transactions, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
014Outlying total volume per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high total amount of authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
015Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as failed authorizations, compared to all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
016Outlying total volume per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high total amount of captures with a card from a sanctioned country, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
017Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of refunds, out of all captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
018Outlying total volume per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high total amount of withdrawals, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
019Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of CNP transactions, out of all high-risk authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
020Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as POS captures coming from a non-regional card, compared to all POS captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
021Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of withdrawals, out of all captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
022Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of transactions, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
023High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high ratio of suspected fraud response codes, out of all authorizations (above 10%)
024Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of POS transactions with a non-regional card, out of all POS captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
025Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of captures with a card from a sanctioned country, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
026Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of high-risk authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
027Outlying maximum amount per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high maximum amount, out of all captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
028Outlying ratio the same entity in a sequence of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of authorizations with the same card, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
029Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of transactions happening overnight, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
030Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of refunds, out of all captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
031High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high ratio of suspected fraud response codes, out of all authorizations (above 20%)
032Outlying total volume per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high total amount of failed authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
033Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of transactions happening overnight, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
034Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of PoS transactions coming from a foreign card, out of all POS captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
035Outlying ratio the same entity in a sequence of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of authorizations with the same amount, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
036Outlying average amount per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high average amount, out of all captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
037Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of captures with a card from a sanctioned country, out of all captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
038Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
039High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high ratio of failed transactions, out of all authorizations (above 5%)
040Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of transactions exceeding the limit, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
041Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as POS captures coming from a foreign card, compared to all POS captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
042Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of CNP transactions, out of all failed authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
043Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of CNP transactions, out of all failed authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
044High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high ratio of suspected fraud response codes, out of all authorizations (above 1%)
045High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as refunds, compared to all captures (above 50%)
046Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as POS captures coming from a foreign card, compared to all POS captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
047Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of moto transactions, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
048Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of transactions exceeding the limit, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
049Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of refunds, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
050Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of failed transactions, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
051Outlying total volume per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high total amount of successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
052Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of CNP transactions, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
053Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as captures with a card from a sanctioned country, compared to all captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
054Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as refunds, compared to all captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
055Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of failed transactions, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
056Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of recurring, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
057Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of failed authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
058Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of CNP transactions, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
059Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of 3Ds-disabled transactions, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
060Outlying ratio the same entity in a sequence of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of authorizations with the same amount, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
061Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as failed authorizations, compared to all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
062High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as refunds, compared to all captures (above 30%)
063Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of POS transactions with a non-regional card, out of all POS captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
064High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high ratio of failed transactions, out of all authorizations (above 20%)
065Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of transactions, when compared to the merchant's peer group
066High raw ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected a sequence of transactions with a high ratio of refunds, out of all captures (above 50%)
067Outlying total volume per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high total amount of captures with a card from a sanctioned country, when compared to the merchant's peer group
068Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of frequency of transactions, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
069Outlying ratio the same entity in a sequence of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of authorizations with the same card, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
070Outlying total volume per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high total amount of failed authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
071Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of moto transactions, out of all successful authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
072Outlying average amount per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high average amount, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
073Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of suspected fraud response codes, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
074Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of captures with a card from a sanctioned country, out of all captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
075Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
076Outlying ratio of the total number of transactionsDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high ratio of PoS transactions coming from a foreign card, out of all POS captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
077Outlying total volume per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high total amount of captures, when compared to the merchant's historical transactions
078Outlying average amount per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high average amount, out of all authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
079Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as POS captures coming from a non-regional card, compared to all POS captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
080Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as refunds, compared to all captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
081Outlying number of transactions per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of high number of failed authorizations, when compared to the merchant's peer group
082Outlying maximum amount per transaction typeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high maximum amount, out of all captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
083Outlying ratio of the total transaction volumeDetected an outlying sequence of transactions with a high percentage of the amount as captures with a card from a sanctioned country, compared to all captures, when compared to the merchant's peer group
084Negative running balanceThe merchant has accumulated a negative balance (more refunds than captures) of at least x since the first transaction.
085Daily, weekly and monthly averagesThe number of captures in the last week is x% higher than the weekly average number of captures the last month
086Daily, weekly and monthly averagesThe number of captures in the last day is x% higher than the daily average number of captures the last week